imparatorluk – michael hardt & antonio negri / empire – michael hardt & antonio negri

Ulus-devletlere dayalı çağ sona erdi. Sermaye küresel çapta önüne çıkan her engeli yıkıyor: Seattle’dan Cenova’ya uzanan isyan dalgasına rağmen, muhalefet güçleri zayıf; karamsarlık iliklere işlemiş durumda. Mevcut durumu açıklamakta emperyalizm kavramı yetersiz kalıyor; yeryüzünü ele geçirmekte olan merkezsiz ve topraksız egemenlik aygıtını Hardt ve Negri İmparatorluk diye adlandırıyor. Adalet kaygısından yoksun biçimde işleyen sömürü mekanizmaları artık fabrika duvarları ve ulus-devletin sınırlarıyla yetinmeyerek yeryüzünün her köşesine yayılmıştır. Ama İmparatorluk özgürleşmek için yeni imkanlar da sağlamaktadır. İktidarın küreselleşmesi iktidar karşıtlarının küreselleşmesini de beraberinde getirmiştir; bütün yeryüzü yurt edinerek, evrensel yurttaşlık hakkını savunarak insanlığı kucaklayacak gerçek bir enternasyonalizmin temellerini atabilir, hayatlarını otonomlaştırarak yeniden üretebilir; İmparatorluğun her yerdeki kalbine yine her yerden darbe indirebilirler.

Empire is written by Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt. The book, written in the mid 90s, was published in 2000 and quickly sold
. In general, the book theorizes an ongoing transition from a “modern” phenomenon of imperialism, centered around individual nation-states, to an emergent postmodern construct created amongst ruling powers which the authors call Empire (the capital letter is distinguishing), with different forms of warfare:

If the rise of Empire is the end of national conflict, the “enemy” now, whoever he is, can no longer be ideological or national. The enemy now must be understood as a kind of criminal, as someone who represents a threat not to a political system or a nation but to the law. This is the enemy as a terrorist…. Hardt and Negri get this absolutely right when they say that in the “new order that envelops the entire space of… civilization”, where conflict between nations has been made irrelevant, the “enemy” is simultaneously “banalized” (reduced to an object of routine police repression) and absolutized (as the Enemy, an absolute threat to the ethical order”)

They proceed to elaborate a variety of ideas surrounding constitutions, global war, and class. Hence, the Empire is constituted by a monarchy (the United States and the G8, and international organizations such as NATO, the IMF or the WTO), an oligarchy (the multinational corporations and other nation-states) and a democracy (the various NGOs and the United Nations). Part of their analysis deals with “imagine[ing] “resistance to it”, but “the point of Empire is that it, too, is “total” and that resistance to it can only take the form of negation – “the will to be against”. The Empire is total, but economic inequality persists, and as all identities are wiped out and replaced with a universal one, the identity of the poor persists.

türkçe / english !!!

indir / download:

türkçe / in turkish:

http://rapidshare.com/files/373164166/ae_mparatorluk_-_Michael_Hardt___Antonio_Negri.rar

ingilizce / in english:

http://www.mediafire.com/?yjmmmjzqyzy